Perhaps the most interesting malady associated with cell phone use is the finding that bone spurs have been discovered in the necks of users, especially those between ages 18 and 34. According to a widely published study led by Australian chiropractor David Shahar, “sustained aberrant postures associated with the emergence and extensive use of hand held contemporary technologies, such as smartphones and tablets..” have led to the development of bones at the base of the skull where it meets the neck that are anywhere from a third of an inch to more than an inch long. Holding one’s heads bending forwards for long periods of time causes a ligament that holds the head up to pull up in the skull, creating the protuberances.